African Electronic Tolling Study 2021: Table of contents

  1. Fundamentals of electronic tolling and road user charging
    • History, definitions, applications and use cases
    • Global overview of technologies and schemes
  2. Trends impacting the ETC ecosystem
    • Major political, technological, and market drivers
      • Political drivers overview and impact
      • Technological drivers overview and impact
      • Market drivers overview and impact
      • Driver assessment by region
    • The impact of COVID-19
      • Global COVID-19 response map
      • Global traffic volumes and recovery
      • Impact on ETC penetration
    • Tolling as a service within mobility payments
      • Expansion of toll service offering
      • Entrance of mobility service providers and navigation giants into tolling
      • Services and payment use cases in the connected car
    • The alignment of road user charging and environmental policy
      • The United States and road user charging
      • Tolling types and their effects on emissions
      • Europe and the green movement
      • Congestion charges and Low Emission Zones (LEZ)
  3. Traditional and emerging devices and technologies
    • Global technological overview
    • Technology in detail
      • RFID
      • DSRC
      • GNSS
      • ANPR
      • Infrared
      • Mobile
      • Fleet telematics
      • Embedded
  4. The ETC value chain and power players
    • The ETC value chain explained
      • Value chain integrators
      • Device manufacturers
      • Active toll chargers
      • Service operators
      • Systems specialists
      • Active and passive smartphone platforms
    • ETC power players
      • The traditional players
        • Road operators
        • Toll service providers
        • Fuel card issuers
        • Energy companies
        • Fleet management service providers
      • The new entrants
        • Fleet telematics providers
        • OEMs
        • Navigation giants
        • Payment providers
        • Mobility service providers
      • How new entrants will shake up the market
  5. Expanding the value with dynamic data
        • Data collection and its usage
  6. Country-specific analysis
    • Africa
      • Regional overview
        • Introduction to the region
        • Legislation
        • Potential areas for investment
        • Regional value chain
        • Major local players
        • Technology roadmap
        • Efforts at interoperability
        • Market forecast
      • Country profiles
        • Kenya
        • Morocco
        • South Africa
        • Uganda
  7. Global outlook: the future of ETC and RUC