ETC Global Study: Table of contents

  1. The concept of road charging and its global implementations
    1. What is road user charging (RUC)?
    2. Road charging around the world
      1. European Market overview
      2. US market overview
      3. Overview of other major tolling markets globally
    3. Why road pricing
      1. Internalising the external costs
      2. Emission’s reduction from traffic smoothing
      3. National differences in introducing RUC
    4. The challenges to universal road pricing
      1. Clearly stating the purpose of the tolling project
      2. Privacy fears can destroy a project early
      3. Managing acceptance and postpay billing issues
      4. The French Ecotaxe saga
      5. The effect of the economic downturn: the Spanish roads example
      6. What can we learn from failed ETC projects?
    5. Impact of the transportation market landscape on tolling
      1. Key factors affecting the transport industry
      2. The consequences of social dumping
  2. The fundamentals of the evolving e-tolling service provision business
    1. General directions and regulations
      1. Regulations governing road charging in Europe
      2. Disparity and differentiation
      3. Regulations governing road charging in the US
    2. Key ETC models and their evolution
      1. Free Flow ETC
      2. All Electronic Tolling (AET)
      3. Manual toll booths
      4. Open Road Tolling (ORT)
      5. E-vignette
      6. Other innovative solutions
      7. Technology convergence or divergence?
    3. Enforcement and treatment of occasional users
      1. Delivering the OBUs
      2. Enforcement in practice
      3. Enforcement technology options
      4. How to build and economic model for enforcement
      5. Various fraud types and protection schemes
    4. The Economics of ETC
      1. Financing e-tolling schemes
      2. Pricing strategy
      3. Cost benchmarks
    5. How is the e-tolling technology evolving
      1. Disambiguation and terminologies
      2. Road tolling technology standards in use globally
      3. RFID tags of war
      4. DSRC standard technology
      5. GNSS
      6. Communication technologies compared
      7. Image-based tolling and ANPR
      8. Infrared
      9. Back office and transaction management
      10. Smartphone based tolling
      11. Other tolling technologies: NFC and Wave
      12. Relevant technical standards and patents
    6. How do the solutions compare: technical and economical aspects
      1. Demand-based assessment
      2. Environment-based assessment
      3. Other criteria affecting the choice of solution
      4. Cost comparison: criteria and figures
      5. Other ways to compare: external effects
      6. Who pays and are the costs competitive?
      7. Switching from Plaza to Free Flow ETC in the US
      8. Migration paths: what are the options
  3. The European and US case for toll network interoperability
    1. Assessing the needs and demand
      1. The fundamental drivers for unbundling the toll networks
      2. The different levels of interoperability
    2.  The regulations and programmes fostering interoperability
      1. Tolling interoperability in Europe: EETS
      2. The US interoperability programmes: timing and stakeholders
      3. Interoperability in practice: taking one brick at the time
    3. How to create a solid business case for the service providers
      1. Successful interoperability deployment
      2. Interoperability does not always pay
      3. In the US, ATI’s HUB is instrumental in promoting interoperability in North America
      4. The business case for toll roaming in Europe
  4. Tolling as part of the connected vehicle landscape
    1. Convergence initiatives and trends
      1. The min stakeholders involved
      2. The connected road services today
      3. FMS as the main tolling mechanism
      4. The Oregon experiment in road user charging
    2. Connected services opportunities relevant to the toll operators
      1. Telematics services with direct potential in the tolling industry
      2. Technology and market trends affecting the connected car services market
      3. New mobility pricing models
      4. How to create a solid mobility pricing business model
      5. ITS services: traffic, safety and V2i
      6. Electronic Vehicle Identification (EVI)
      7. Fleet Management Services (FMS)
    3. Barriers and opportunities to convergence
      1. Isolation and silos
      2. The general context of data protection in Europe
      3. How tolling data can provide value
    4. New opportunities for external stakeholders
      1. Fuel Card Providers bridge the fleet and tolling silos
      2. Weigh stations in the US: a path to toll interoperability for trucks
      3. Can toll functions be integrated at the vehicle manufacturer’s level?
  5. Quantitative analysis of the road charging market worldwide
    1. ETC Landscape
      1. Key players in the value chain and their roles
      2. How interoperability affects this value chain
      3. Key companies market shares
    2. Quantifying of the ETC market potential
      1. Overview of the current transport market globally
      2. Analysis of the main ETC regions
      3. Devices sales forecast
      4. Country profiles: opportunity ratings
    3. Market analysis of other countries of interest
      1. Australia
      2. Brazil
      3. Canada
      4. China
      5. Finland
      6. India
      7. Indonesia
      8. Japan
      9. Malaysia
      10. Mexico
      11. Philippines
      12. Russia
      13. South Africa
      14. South Korea
      15. Sweden
      16. Taiwan
  6. Conclusions and recommendations
    1. On the global market
    2. On technology and toll styles
    3. On deploying new networks
    4. On interoperability
    5. On tolling as a service
    6. On the evolution of the toll business