ETC Global Study: Table of contents
- The concept of road charging and its global implementations
- What is road user charging (RUC)?
- Road charging around the world
- European Market overview
- US market overview
- Overview of other major tolling markets globally
- Why road pricing
- Internalising the external costs
- Emission’s reduction from traffic smoothing
- National differences in introducing RUC
- The challenges to universal road pricing
- Clearly stating the purpose of the tolling project
- Privacy fears can destroy a project early
- Managing acceptance and postpay billing issues
- The French Ecotaxe saga
- The effect of the economic downturn: the Spanish roads example
- What can we learn from failed ETC projects?
- Impact of the transportation market landscape on tolling
- Key factors affecting the transport industry
- The consequences of social dumping
- The fundamentals of the evolving e-tolling service provision business
- General directions and regulations
- Regulations governing road charging in Europe
- Disparity and differentiation
- Regulations governing road charging in the US
- Key ETC models and their evolution
- Free Flow ETC
- All Electronic Tolling (AET)
- Manual toll booths
- Open Road Tolling (ORT)
- E-vignette
- Other innovative solutions
- Technology convergence or divergence?
- Enforcement and treatment of occasional users
- Delivering the OBUs
- Enforcement in practice
- Enforcement technology options
- How to build and economic model for enforcement
- Various fraud types and protection schemes
- The Economics of ETC
- Financing e-tolling schemes
- Pricing strategy
- Cost benchmarks
- How is the e-tolling technology evolving
- Disambiguation and terminologies
- Road tolling technology standards in use globally
- RFID tags of war
- DSRC standard technology
- GNSS
- Communication technologies compared
- Image-based tolling and ANPR
- Infrared
- Back office and transaction management
- Smartphone based tolling
- Other tolling technologies: NFC and Wave
- Relevant technical standards and patents
- How do the solutions compare: technical and economical aspects
- Demand-based assessment
- Environment-based assessment
- Other criteria affecting the choice of solution
- Cost comparison: criteria and figures
- Other ways to compare: external effects
- Who pays and are the costs competitive?
- Switching from Plaza to Free Flow ETC in the US
- Migration paths: what are the options
- General directions and regulations
- The European and US case for toll network interoperability
- Assessing the needs and demand
- The fundamental drivers for unbundling the toll networks
- The different levels of interoperability
- The regulations and programmes fostering interoperability
- Tolling interoperability in Europe: EETS
- The US interoperability programmes: timing and stakeholders
- Interoperability in practice: taking one brick at the time
- How to create a solid business case for the service providers
- Successful interoperability deployment
- Interoperability does not always pay
- In the US, ATI’s HUB is instrumental in promoting interoperability in North America
- The business case for toll roaming in Europe
- Assessing the needs and demand
- Tolling as part of the connected vehicle landscape
- Convergence initiatives and trends
- The min stakeholders involved
- The connected road services today
- FMS as the main tolling mechanism
- The Oregon experiment in road user charging
- Connected services opportunities relevant to the toll operators
- Telematics services with direct potential in the tolling industry
- Technology and market trends affecting the connected car services market
- New mobility pricing models
- How to create a solid mobility pricing business model
- ITS services: traffic, safety and V2i
- Electronic Vehicle Identification (EVI)
- Fleet Management Services (FMS)
- Barriers and opportunities to convergence
- Isolation and silos
- The general context of data protection in Europe
- How tolling data can provide value
- New opportunities for external stakeholders
- Fuel Card Providers bridge the fleet and tolling silos
- Weigh stations in the US: a path to toll interoperability for trucks
- Can toll functions be integrated at the vehicle manufacturer’s level?
- Convergence initiatives and trends
- Quantitative analysis of the road charging market worldwide
- ETC Landscape
- Key players in the value chain and their roles
- How interoperability affects this value chain
- Key companies market shares
- Quantifying of the ETC market potential
- Overview of the current transport market globally
- Analysis of the main ETC regions
- Devices sales forecast
- Country profiles: opportunity ratings
- Market analysis of other countries of interest
- Australia
- Brazil
- Canada
- China
- Finland
- India
- Indonesia
- Japan
- Malaysia
- Mexico
- Philippines
- Russia
- South Africa
- South Korea
- Sweden
- Taiwan
- ETC Landscape
- Conclusions and recommendations
- On the global market
- On technology and toll styles
- On deploying new networks
- On interoperability
- On tolling as a service
- On the evolution of the toll business